As early as 2001, efforts began in the State of Illinois to improve access to medical homes, beginning with children with special health care needs. The Title V Children with Special Health Care Needs Program, Division of Specialized Care for Children (DSCC) partnered with the Illinois Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics to begin paying primary care physicians for care coordination services. A statewide medical home learning collaborative was implemented that expanded from pediatrics to physician practices serving adult Medicaid patients with multiple chronic conditions.
In 2006, the Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services (HFS) implemented a Primary Care Case Management Program founded on the Medical Home concept called Illinois Health Connect. A study conducted by the Robert Graham Center showed that between 2007 and 2010, Illinois Health Connect saved the state $531 million in healthcare costs with a reduction in emergency department visits and hospitalizations. In June 2012, the Illinois Legislature passed a series of Medicaid reforms known as the SMART Act resulting in sweeping changes to the Medicaid program. Roled into the SMART Act was the 2011 act (PA96-1501) that requires that 50% of Medicaid recipients be enrolled in care coordination programs by 2015. As a result of this ambitious comprehensive care delivery reform, the Department of Healthcare and Family Services (HFS) has incentivized the development of different models of care coordination including: Coordinated Care Entities (CCEs), Managed Care Community Networks (MCCNs), Managed Care Organizations (MCOs), and Accountable Care Entities (ACEs). The newest model for integrated care delivery is the Accountable Care Entity, created by Public Act 98-104 in July of 2013.