Hospitals and corporations own nearly half of U.S. physician practices

Nearly 70% of U.S. physicians are now employed by hospital systems and corporate entities like private equity firms and health insurers, according to new data by Avalere for the Physicians Advocacy Institute (PAI) examining the period between January 1, 2019, and January 1, 2021.

The research found that the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated a long-term national trend of hospitals and corporate entities acquiring physician practices and employing physicians. During the two-year period, these entities acquired 20,900 additional physician practices. Forty-eight thousand additional physicians left independent practice for employment by hospital systems or other corporate entities.

“COVID-19 exacerbated financial vulnerabilities of physician practices and forced them to make difficult decisions,” said Kelly Kenney, chief executive officer of PAI. “The practice acquisition trend has potentially serious implications for competition and healthcare costs, which have been shown to increase with this type of marketplace consolidation.”

Every U.S. region experienced these national trends of steady growth in employment and acquisitions, with an uptick in the last half of 2020. The cumulative findings by Avalere researchers during the two-year period revealed:

• Hospitals, health systems and corporate entities now own nearly half of the nation’s medical practices.
• The sharpest increase in physician practice acquisitions and employment was among corporate entities such as private equity firms and health insurers (32%).
• Across regions, hospital ownership of practices grew between 6 percent and 11 percent, and corporate ownership grew between 44 percent and 59 percent.

Methodology

Avalere used the IQVIA OneKey database that contains physician and practice location information on hospital/health system ownership. These data include solo and single-location small practices as well as large, multi-specialty multi-location group practices. These data include biannual physician and practice information from January 2019 through January 2021. Full methodology is available in the analysis.